Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

For most people with COPD symptoms become noticeable when they reach their late 40’s or 50’s. COPD has a range of symptoms, the most common include: 

• breathlessness – to begin with, this can occur when exercising or during the night 
• a constant chesty cough with phlegm that doesn’t go away  
• regular chest infections 
• frequent wheezing  

It is common for those with COPD to experience periods where symptoms get suddenly worse, which is typically referred to as a flare-up or exacerbation. Flare-ups can occur throughout the year, especially during the winter period.  

In advanced stages of COPD, symptoms may be so severe that they can prevent you from carrying out even basic activities like walking or taking care of yourself. It's important to seek medical attention if you experience any of these symptoms to get a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

There are also less common symptoms of COPD which tend to occur in the advanced stages of the disease. These are: 

• Weight loss 
• Fatigue 
• Oedema (swelling in the legs, ankles and feet from the build-up of fluid) 
• Chest pains and coughing up blood (these symptoms are usually signs of another condition like a chest infection or potential lung cancer)  

COPD can have various implications on an individual's life, but there are strategies to mitigate its effects. 

Taking care of yourself  

After receiving a diagnosis of COPD, you must follow the advice given to you and take good care of yourself. This often includes: 

Taking your medication – you must take any prescribed medication which can include inhalers, to prevent a flare-up. It is best practice to read the information provided with your medication about potential interactions with different medications. It’s advised to speak with your care team or GP regarding over-the-counter medication to avoid any interference or side effects.  

Quit smoking – if you smoke, stopping can help slow down COPD symptoms and prevent further damage from occurring.  

Regular exercise – The level of physical activity that you engage in should be based on your symptoms; nevertheless, staying active can enhance both your symptoms and overall quality of life. It is generally safe to exercise until you feel slightly breathless, but it is important not to overexert yourself. If your symptoms are severe or you haven't exercised in a while, it is always advisable to consult with your GP before starting a new exercise routine. 

Maintaining a healthy weight – being overweight can make breathlessness worse. Some people with COPD can lose weight unintentionally, therefore eating protein-rich foods can help keep to a healthy weight.   

There are further ways to help live with COPD which include: 

• Getting vaccinated
• Regular checkups and monitoring
• Being mindful of what you breathe (such as hairspray, perfume, car exhausts, smoke, dusty places)
• Checking the weather forecasts for humidity, cold spells and hot weather which can affect your breathing